3 science-backed tips for feeling more full

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Ever notice that certain meals and snacks can keep you full for hours, while others leave you scrounging for something else to nibble not much later? Turns out, there’s more to feeling satisfied than just how much you eat — its nutritional makeup is also a major determinant of satiety, a.k.a. that contented feeling of fullness.

In general, we know that meals and snacks that haveprotein or fiberare more filling. Feeling satisfied between meals may be one way to support success on your weight-loss and health journey, says Heather Leidy, Ph.D., an associate professor at the University of Texas at Austin who specializes in nutrition sciences. Whether you're looking to shed pounds, maintain your weight, or simply fend off a case of the stomach grumbles, here’s how the foods you choose can make a difference.

No matter what you’re eating, your presence of mind can affect how satisfying a meal feels, Leidy says.Mindful eating, or being fully present during a meal or snack, can encourage people to appreciate a food’s presentation, flavor, aroma, and mouthfeel. Compared with people who eat while distracted, people who eat more mindfully tend to have a better sense of how much they’ve eaten andeat less overall.

Among the big threemacronutrients(fat, protein, and carbs),proteintakes top honors for promoting satiety. Protein can help you feel fuller more quickly while you’re eating since it activatesgut hormoneslike GLP-1 (yep, the sameGLP-1 used for weight loss) that signal satiety. And because protein is harder to break down than carbs or fats, your body alsoburns someof the calories from protein while processing it (20–30%, compared with 5–10% for carbs and 0–3% for fats). People who follow a higher-protein diet also do better atmaintainingtheir new weight.

Falling short on protein “can make us feel hungrier throughout the day and have more food cravings,” Leidy says. Just note that there’s no one-size-fits-all amount of protein everyone should aim to eat. To find your number, just check your WeightWatchers app, where you can track your protein intake (among other nutrients).

Eating more protein doesn't necessarily mean more burgers.Lean sourcesof protein include egg whites, fish or other seafood, lean meats (such as skinless, white-meat chicken or turkey), low-fat dairy, quinoa, soy, nuts and seeds, beans, lentils, hempseed, and buckwheat.

Unlike other carbohydrates,fiberdoesn’t break down during digestion to provide energy for the body. Instead, this complex carb — found only in plant-based foods — creates filling bulk and supports a steadier, more sustained release of energy from other food components we eat. People who enjoy plenty of fiber-rich foods in their daily diet tend to havelower body weightsthan people who consume less of the nutrient.

Yet in the latestDietary Guidelines for Americans, fiber was named among the mostunderconsumed nutrientsin the U.S., with many adults falling well short of getting the recommended 22–34 g of fiber per day; the WeightWatchers app is an easy way to get personalized fiber recommendation and keep track of your intake.

Good sources of fiber include fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and whole-grain foods (like oats or whole wheat pasta).

Learn more about easy swaps to get more fiber and protein in your diet — or ideally, both at once.

• Topbaked potatoes,bowls, orveggie hashwith a poached, hard-boiled, or sunny-side-up egg.

• Add powdered peanut or almond butter tobreakfast cookiesandenergy bites.

• Go for Greek yogurt. Whereas 1 cup of unstrained, plain, nonfat yogurt contains 14 g of protein, the same serving of plain Greek nonfat yogurt packs 23 g of protein.

• Stash a bag of precooked shrimp in your freezer. The shrimp defrost in minutes and can be used instir-fries,salads,pastas,and more.

• Keep a variety of lean, precooked chicken sausages in your fridge or freezer. Thinly slice the links to make a savory topping forhomemade pizza, or chop and add to quick-cookingsoups.

• Keep the peels on, since that’s where most of the fiber is found in potatoes,apples, andpears.

• Add sautéed mushrooms, grated zucchini, or other veggies toturkey meatloafandchicken burgers.

• Stir handfuls of fresh baby spinach intopasta dishesand heartysoups.

• Replace some added sugar in homemade baked goods or breakfast items withmashed banana,pumpkin purée, orshredded apple.

• Choose air-popped popcorn over pretzels. Ounce for ounce, popcorn has approximately four times more fiber than standard pretzels.

• Sub quinoa for rice inchicken soupandgrain bowls.One cup of cooked quinoa contains 5 g of fiber and 8 g of protein; on the other hand, 1 cup of cooked white rice has less than 1 g of fiber and 4 g of protein.

• Use hummus orblack bean spreadas a sandwich condiment.

• Give pasta dishes a vegetarian protein and fiber boost by stirring in somewhite beansorchickpeas.

• Try mashed beans as a binder instead of breadcrumbs invegan "crab" cakesandveggie fritters.

• Sprinkleoatmealwith sliced or chopped almonds, walnuts, pistachios, or other nuts.

Feeling fuller for longer and more satisfied with our meals aren’t just good for weight loss — it’s also just convenient to not have to always feel hungry and on the prowl for a snack. Making sure you’re eating mindfully and choosing options with enough protein and fiber are great ways to keep feeling full and satisfied for longer after eating, so you’ll have energy for your day.